The continuous discharge of highly saline waste effluent in the form of desalination brine and produced water not only poses a serious threat to the environment but also represents a significant waste of otherwise precious resources. Therefore, one of the priority areas of the center is to tackle the issue of managing brine from RO plants by investigating and implementing zero liquid discharge (ZLD) technologies. These include hybrid membrane processes such as RO – FO, RO – ED, and FO – ED, as well as a combination of thermal and membrane techniques e.g. FO – MD.