Applied Research Center for Environment & Marine Studies (ARCEMS) has commenced the first phase of eDNA sampling in the Arabian Gulf for biodiversity assessments as part of an ongoing research project (KFUPM Project# CEM02700). Environmental DNA or eDNA refers to the DNA from skin, hair, urine, feces, gametes, mucus, or carcasses of organisms that are released into the environment, such as water or sediment. The eDNA approach demonstrated a superior ability to detect higher levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity compared to conventional studies. The eDNA metabarcoding stands out as a promising tool with the potential to monitor the biodiversity in the Gulf, offering valuable support for the development of conservation and management measures. ARCEMS’s eDNA study covers various habitats in the

Saudi waters of the Arabian Gulf, including offshore islands, industrial operational areas, and control sites. ARCEMS also successfully deployed underwater cameras in the Arabian Gulf to monitor and analyze marine life in various ecosystems. Underwater cameras, placed strategically in various ecosystems, capture high-resolution video and images, providing invaluable data on behavior and population density of species and habitat health. The use of underwater cameras in these regions is a novel approach, providing continuous, non-intrusive monitoring that enhances our understanding of marine biodiversity. The collected data aid in the development of conservation strategies and inform policymakers on the best practices for marine resource management. The use of underwater cameras also reduces the need for extensive diving expeditions, thus minimizing human impact on delicate marine habitats.