Saudi Arabia aims to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2060 through a strategy of diversifying its energy sector with various forms of clean energy. Nuclear energy is pivotal in this endeavor, as it has the highest capacity factor among all energy sources, making it exceptionally reliable. Leveraging nuclear energy will support the Kingdom’s efforts to meet the sustainability targets outlined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Small modular reactors (SMRs) are advanced nuclear fission reactors with a maximum power capacity of up to 300 MW(e) per unit, which is about one-fifth to one-third of the power generating capacity of conventional nuclear power reactors. Their compact design allows the deployment at locations where large conventional nuclear plants are impractical. SMRs could make a crucial contribution to the Kingdom’s energy mix and play a significant role in achieving the goal of net zero carbon emissions by 2060.